布达佩斯

旷课辍学、学生欺凌、未成年人文身如何管？《福建省预防未成年人犯罪条例》将于9月起实施_我的网站

一 |     AI摘要      《福建省预防未成年人犯罪条例》将于9月1日施行。

二 | 条例建立分级预防体系，统一专门学校入学评估，细化文身治理及欺凌防治，强化多部门协同，旨在有效预防和矫治未成年人违法犯罪。

三 |               新闻通气会现场     东南网8月25日讯（本网记者 卢金福 文/图）为做好《福建省预防未成年人犯罪条例》（以下简称《条例》）宣传解读，推动《条例》落地实施，今日，共青团福建省委联合省人大常委会监察司法工委、省人大常委会法工委等相关部门组织召开新闻通气会，就《条例》的立法背景、主要内容和实施意义等社会关切热点开展答疑，全面解读福建省未成年人犯罪预防治理的最新制度安排。    《条例》共26条 建立分级预防、干预和矫治工作体系     据悉，《条例》于今年7月经省十四届人大常委会第二十三次会议表决通过，将于今年9月1日起正式施行。《条例》共26条，坚持教育和保护相结合，贯彻预防为主、提前干预原则，建立分级预防、干预和矫治工作体系。    “预防未成年人违法犯罪，事关家庭幸福安宁、社会和谐稳定、国家长治久安。

四 |     Major housing industry groups voiced "profound concern" in a letter this week urging the Federal Reserve to stop raising interest rates.The rare public admonishment from top business advocates -- including the National Association of Realtors and the National Association of Home Builders -- underscores a dramatic slowdown in the housing market due in large part to rising interest rates.The letter arrives roughly three weeks before the Fed plans to make its latest rate-hike decision.Mortgage rates have reached their highest level in more than two decades and they have continued to rise. Data released on Thursday showed that mortgage rates increased for the fifth consecutive week, according to Freddie Mac."The speed and magnitude of these [mortgage] rate increases, and resulting dislocation in our industry, is painful and unprecedented," the letter from the housing groups said.Here's what to know about why real estate groups called on the Fed to stop raising rates:

What's happening in the housing market?

Sky-high mortgage rates have dramatically slowed the housing market, since homebuyers have balked at stiff borrowing costs and home sellers have opted to stay on mortgages that lock them into relatively low rates.Mortgage applications have fallen to their lowest level since 1996, the Mortgage Brokers Association said earlier this month.Sales of previously owned homes, meanwhile, have plummeted more than 15% compared to a year ago, the National Association of Realtors found in August.The slowdown has coincided with a sharp rise in costs for potential homebuyers.The average interest rate for a 30-year fixed mortgage has climbed to nearly 7.6%, Freddie Mac data shows.When the Fed initiated the rise of bond yields with its first rate hike of the current series in March 2022, the average 30-year fixed mortgage stood at just 4.45%.Each percentage point increase in a mortgage rate can add thousands or tens of thousands in additional costs each year, depending on the price of the house, according to Rocket Mortgage.

What role is the Federal Reserve playing in the housing market slowdown?

An aggressive series of interest rate hikes at the Federal Reserve since last year has pushed up the 10-year Treasury yield, which loosely tracks with long-term mortgage rates.The Fed has fought elevated inflation with borrowing cost increases as it tries to slash price hikes by slowing the economy and choking off demand.While inflation has fallen significantly from a peak of about 9% last summer, price increases remain more than a percentage point higher than the Fed's inflation target.Price increases held steady in September, fresh data on Thursday showed, suggesting that elevated inflation remains resistant to the interest rate hikes.The persistence of elevated inflation has prompted the Fed to espouse a policy of holding interest rates at high levels for a prolonged period, which in turn has increased the 10-year Treasury yield and put upward pressure on mortgage rates.Moreover, the Fed expects to raise rates one more time this year, according to projections released last month.Speaking at a press conference in Washington, D.C., last month, Fed Chair Jerome Powell acknowledged the continued effect of interest rates on mortgages, noting that activity in the housing market "remains well below levels of a year ago, largely reflecting higher mortgage rates."

What do the housing industry groups want the Fed to do?

Housing industry advocates want the Fed to take swift actions that reassure investors and other market participants of an end to the policies cooling the industry.Most notably, the industry groups want the central bank to release a statement saying that it has abandoned consideration of additional rate hikes.In their letter to Fed officials, the housing groups cautioned that a further slowdown in real estate could help tip the U.S. economy into a recession, scuttling the central bank's effort to achieve a "soft landing.""We urge the Fed to take these simple steps to ensure that this sector does not precipitate the hard landing the Fed has tried so hard to avoid," the letter said.。”省人大常委会监察司法工委副主任刘用安表示，《条例》立法过程中，始终坚持问题导向，采用“小切口”形式，充分发挥地方立法的功能和作用，聚焦源头预防、协同治理、支持体系建设、专门学校建设管理、重新犯罪预防等关键环节作出细化补充。同时，积极践行全过程人民民主，会同团省委等成立立法工作专班，深入开展调研，广泛征求省直有关单位、基层立法联系点、专门学校和专家学者、人大代表的意见，科学推进立法工作。    《条例》有哪些亮点设计？省人大常委会法工委副主任刘灿介绍，《条例》紧密贴合我省基层治理实际，坚持问题导向，作出了一些制度创新，在省级层面创设全省统一的专门学校入学期限评估基准。《条例》明确了未按规定设置禁止未成年人文身警示标志的梯度行政处罚标准，区分市场主体、医疗机构等不同场景，压实监管责任，为一线执法提供了清晰抓手。建立专门学校学生离校后的多部门联合帮教、回访等机制，确保矫治成效持续巩固不反弹。    作为党联系青年的桥梁纽带和青少年权益保护的重要力量，团福建省委在此次立法工作中发挥了突出作用。自2023年起，团福建省委多次深入基层开展专项调研，聚焦专门矫治教育、专门学校建设等领域，形成多项高质量调研成果，全程深度参与《条例》的起草制定、审议出台，为立法工作提供了重要支撑，有效推动了福建省预防未成年人犯罪地方立法的落地实施。下一步，团福建省委将充分发挥组织体系覆盖广泛、与青少年联系紧密的独特优势，把法治宣传教育深度融入青少年成长全过程，切实推动《条例》落地见效。    福建已建成专门学校15所 提供学位1951个     《条例》立足我省实际，聚焦机制建设、办学保障、精准施教、衔接帮扶等关键环节，为我省专门学校建设和专门教育发展提供了坚实法治遵循。    目前我省已实现省、市、县三级专门教育指导委员会全覆盖，已建成专门学校15所，提供学位1951个（2027年将增至18所，提供学位超过3000个），切实保障了严重不良行为未成年人接受教育矫治需求，有效预防和遏制了未成年人违法犯罪。    省委教育工委委员、省教育厅党组成员、副厅长黄建顺表示，下阶段，省教育厅将提高省、市、县三级专门教育指导委员会履职效能，健全入学、在校、离校全流程评估规范，推动各地将专门教育发展和专门学校建设纳入经济社会发展规划，持续加大经费投入。依托校家社协同育人“教联体”，推动政府部门、群团组织和社会机构同向发力，搭建常态化帮扶平台，为离校学生提供复学衔接、升学指导、就业培训、心理疏导等关爱服务，巩固教育矫治成效。    全省选派7000余名警力担任学校法治副校长 参与欺凌防治     预防处置学生欺凌也写入了《条例》。

五 | 省公安厅治安管理总队总队长潘臻颖表示，公安机关始终高度重视学生欺凌预防处置工作，将其作为“良心工程”“护苗工程”持续抓，以“零容忍”的态度，会同教育等部门构建全链条预防处置体系。    据介绍，全省公安机关选派了7000余名精干警力担任学校法治副校长，深度参与学生欺凌防治，坚持“家校警社”协同发力。依托“1530”安全教育模式（每天放学前1分钟、每周放学前5分钟、节假日放假前30分钟开展安全提示），以案释法开展反欺凌宣传教育。    针对欺凌行为隐蔽性强、发现难的特点，公安机关在中小学校醒目位置公布了举报电话和信箱，多渠道鼓励引导学生、家长第一时间反映学生欺凌线索。结合“高峰勤务”“护学岗”，全面加强立体化巡逻防控，及时发现制止欺凌行为。对接报的欺凌警情和相关举报线索，全部由县级公安局局长、教育局局长“双盯办”，做到核查不彻底不放过、处置不到位不放过，坚决维护学生合法权益。    对实施欺凌的学生，坚持惩教结合，对情节轻微尚不构成违法犯罪的，会同学校逐一约谈，指导学校视情予以纪律处分；对学生欺凌涉嫌违法犯罪的，依法追究法律责任；特别对主观恶意深、情节恶劣、造成严重后果的，以及校内校外勾结、幕后教唆他人实施欺凌的，坚决依法严厉惩处。    全省三级法院已实现少年法庭全覆盖　未成年人犯罪数量呈下降态势     《条例》多个条款涉及人民法院在预防未成年人犯罪中的职责。省高级人民法院党组成员、副院长吴元祥表示，福建法院在实践中立足审判职能，延伸司法服务，以扎实工作预防未成年人违法犯罪。目前，全省三级法院已实现少年法庭全覆盖，配备少审法官388人，2023年至2025年，审结涉未成年罪犯的一审案件4130件。

六 | 对未成年犯实施犯罪记录封存，消除“标签效应”，帮助顺利复学、升学、就业。2023年至2025年，全省未成年人重新犯罪率仅为0.75%。    吴元祥表示，福建法院将在法庭内精准裁判，宽严相济、惩教结合；在法庭外依托法治副校长、司法救助、跟踪回访等制度载体，推动司法保护融入家庭、学校、社会、网络、政府，形成“六大保护”格局。    近年来，未成年人犯罪尤其是低龄未成年人严重暴力犯罪，引发社会关注。省人民检察院检委会专职委员吴世东表示，检察机关在办案中落实“预防就是保护、惩治也是挽救”理念，一体抓实惩治犯罪、教育矫治、预防犯罪、维护权益、综合治理等各项工作，2025年受理审查起诉未成年人犯罪数量在五年来首次实现下降（同比下降12.99%），今年上半年，继续保持下降态势（同比下降21.37%）。    下一步，全省检察机关要充分发挥检察职能作用，全面落实《条例》，贯彻宽严相济刑事政策，对主观恶性深、社会危害大的严重犯罪，依法惩治追诉；对未成年人轻微犯罪和主观恶性较小的初犯、偶犯，依法从宽。

七 | 针对条例对未成年人文身治理等作出具体规定，以公益诉讼、检察建议为抓手，督促相关部门加强对文身服务、娱乐场所、住宿场所等重点领域的监管。

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